Understand Children and Young Peoples Self Directed Play free essay sample

Unreservedly picked, self coordinated play. Allude back to task 1. The play cycle A play cycle starts in the pre cognizant contemplations of the kid, it is at the purpose of dream where the perky motivation is made and given out as the play sign. When this signal is taken up by a reacting accomplice the play cycle starts. The metalude signals the beginning of the play procedure and keeping in mind that it underpins a solitary play thought in the Childs cognizance it can change in seconds to turn into another perky musings or an all-inclusive adaptation of its unique self. The play signal can be given out from numerous points of view, outward appearances, eyes contact, non-verbal communication or essentially through utilizing materials I. e. a ball or a shading pencil. Thinking back through my intelligent journal I saw a reasonable signal I had gotten, it was clear and justifiable a kid basically kicked a ball toward me and gave me clear eye to eye connection so normally I kicked it back in seconds we were a having a football coordinate and inside minutes other kids were approaching join so I ventured back and encouraged. The play prompt is trailed by the play return model; kicking the ball back. which can emerge out of someone else, the earth or from the youngster playing. At that point comes the Play outline, the procedure or space that is made by prompts and returns. Its a limit that keeps the play unblemished. It starts with the childs play drive and incorporates all that permits play to proceed. It might be as large as a football pitch or as little as a chessboard and the two individuals playing. As a play specialist you can be inside or outside of the casing relying upon the degree of the play laborers involvement.Play Cycle, the full progression of play from the principal play signal to the arrival and the further improvement of play-with more prompts and returns until the play is finished. Play Annihilation: The finish of the play outline. Youngsters take what they need from the movement and afterward it is done. A play specialist can cause play destruction on the off chance that they mediate improperly in childrens play. In my setting when it is break time we have 5 minutes which implies they finish what they are doing and afterward wash hands prepared for tea, along these lines play demolition isn't finished by the play specialist and kids can complete play how they need to.Play space A child’s play space is any region that bolsters and improves the potential for youngsters and youngsters in self coordinated play. Youngsters and youngsters ought to have an assortment of play spaces which invigorate them in various manners e. g. : an open air play space for physical incitement and to support a solid dynamic way of life, story corner for intellectual incitement, it has been demonstrated that accounts and rhymes help to improve memory and fixation skills.Books and rhymes likewise help to create children’s minds, however more significantly stories can assist youngsters with compre hension and talk about their own emotions which could some way or another be left unheard. All play spaces ought to be inviting and fluctuated with various assets, with adequate amounts so kids and youngsters don't need to stand by to partake and have open doors for social connection with the two kids and play laborers . My setting has an assortment of play spaces associable to all kids and youngsters for all unique needs.All kids have the decision to assist us with creating new play new spaces of to uninhibitedly pick there own play space which they will do normally. All assets are available for all youngsters and youngsters which empowers all kids play to proceed with un intruded on giving them opportunity of increasingly decision and to investigate there own picked exercises in there own way and time. Free parts The hypothesis of free parts in the course of the most recent 40 years become progressively known and utilized by play laborers and play space planners. It was first proposed in 1971 by a draftsman called Simon Nicholson.He accepted that free parts in our condit ion engaged our imagination. As per the Oxfordshire play affiliation free parts are things and materials that youngsters and youngsters can move, adjust, control and control inside their play. Free parts give an elevated level of innovativeness and decision as there are unlimited opportunities for how they can be played with. In my setting yesterday the kids utilized free parts, for example, cardboard boxes, bottle tops and sparkling paper to make a robot, the robot at that point turned into a transport and later a child’s hideout.Simon Nichols hypothesis of free parts contends that innovativeness isn't for the talented, he accepts that it is our training and social conditions that persuade this . He said that ‘in any condition, both the level of innovativeness and imagination and the chance of revelation are legitimately relative to the quantity of free parts and sort of factors in it. ’ You don't need to be a skilled performer to make music, the kids and youngsters at my setting frequently make there own music, with pots, container and plate or in any event, slamming little sticks against surface regions. Play inclinations. Inclination for open air play. Kid A plays generally outside as he trusts it is increasingly fun, and wants to examine the environmental factors. The decision of indoor play is regularly identified with the climate, youngster A possibly plays inside when its cold or pouring. It is just in serious climate conditions youngsters need to remain in entryways as in our setting we accept the kids can learn and grow substantially more outside in any event, when the climate is poor. Play inclinations are the child’s own decisions ; the opportunity ; chances to have the option to settle on those decisions by empowering shifted assets that are consistently available to support development.Different play types 10 models Symbolic play: Play which permits control, slow investigation and expanded comprehension, without the danger of being out of ones profundities. In our setting I watched a youngster making a doll feed another doll. Crude play: Close experience play which is less to do with battling and more to do with contacting, tickling, measuring relative quality, finding physical adaptability and the thrills of show. For instance, a ton of the young men at my setting like to play battle, I feel this is regular so I set there limits and simply encourage until the dangers go to ar. Socio-emotional play: The order of genuine and possible encounters of an exceptional individual nature. For instance kid may profess to deal with their infant doll as this is the thing that they see there guardians do with more youthful kin, through imagine play, a kid can understanding and realize what it might intend to love and care for another person. Social play: Play during with the standards and measures for social commitment and collaboration can be uncovered, investigated and amended.Looking through my intelligent journal a genuine model for social play would be when two kids at my setting were setting up a ‘pretendà ¢â‚¬â„¢ shop selling toys and books to other youngsters the ‘customers’ . Innovative play: Play which permits another reaction, the change attention to new associations with a component of shock. Innovative play can be numerous things, not simply expressions creates. I watched a kid building Lego edges, when he had completed he disclosed to me it was the Eiffel tower in France, I believe is a stunning case of innovative play as I suspected the pinnacle could have been definitely not he new precisely what and where it was.Communication play: Play utilizing words, subtleties of signals. For instance joke telling, narrating, play acting, singing. Pretend: Play which sensationalizes occasions in which the youngster is certainly not a direct participator. In intelligent practice I saw a kid sitting in a crate utilizing a fanciful guiding wheel ,he revealed to me he was â€Å"driving to spaceâ€Å". Pretend doesn’t even must have props it very well may be totally inventive with or without play gear. Investigation play: Play to get to verifiable data comprising of manipulative practices, for example, taking care of, tossing, slamming, or mouthing objects.For model playing with, sand, blocks, water dirt, play batter. Emotional play: Play which reworks the world in the child’s way, a manner by which is probably not going to happen. Right now consistently at clean up time the kids inquire as to whether they can play factor, the vast majority of the kids love to be one of the contenders, they all cause me and other staff to be judges, yet there is consistently one specific youngster who needs to be Dermot O’Leary the TV show moderator. Dream play: Play where the regular principles, which administer the physical world, don't apply.For a genuine model I read in one of my intelligent journal two or three months back a youngster approached me for a job of tin foil I, approached him what for, he answered I need to be a space traveler, I gave him the job of tin foil and he sp ent the entire meeting making his outfit. At the point when his father came to gather him, he put the ensemble on and was going around so glad for what he had made. How you empower hazard and challenge, its significance and the consciousness of adjusting wellbeing and security, give instances of dangers inside 5 of your distinctive play types.Refer to hazard and challenge sheet 310. 3. Perception and reflection, how you do this and its significance. Some portion of an assume laborers job is to watch all youngsters every day, This perception includes the social event of data about a specific kid conduct and their phase of improvement. Reflections is the way toward contemplating and basically breaking down your activities with the expectation of changing and constantly improving our working environment.It is indispensable that these perceptions and reflections are done so as to comprehend and meet each child’s singular needs, and to distinguish which zones of advancement a kid is especially acceptable at. Visit perceptions additionally help me to under stand a child’s conduct and what incites the child’s awful conduct. Perceptions additionally help to get ready for future meetings, as it gives the play worke

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy the Truman Doctrine free essay sample

They saw socialism as a mainstream, millennial religion that educated the Gremlins perspective and activities and made it the central danger to American security, freedom, and world harmony. They dismissed the ethical identicalness of just and Communist governments and presumed that until the system in Moscow changed just American and Allied quality could control the Soviets. In mid 1947 the British government, which was communist yet hostile to Communist, subtly disclosed to Washington its treasury was unfilled and it could no longer give military and monetary guide to Greece or Turkey, mentioned the U S. Purpose over. Achaeans persuaded Truman to act rapidly in case Greece be taken over by its socialist craftsmans who were at the time emphatically upheld by the Soviet government working through the socialist Bulgarian and Yugoslav governments. On the off chance that Greece fell, Turkey would be vulnerable and soon the eastern Mediterranean would fall under Stalins control. Following Cohesions exhortation, Truman in 1947 declared the Truman Doctrine of containing Communist development by outfitting military and financial American guide to Europe and Asia, and especially to Greece and Turkey. The Republican Congress, after broad hearings, endorsed this memorable change in U. S. International strategy in a bill marked May 22, 1947. To prepare American help for the strategy of regulation, Truman exaggerated the Soviet danger to the United States. Thusly, his announcements enlivened an influx of insane enemy of socialism all through the nation and set up for the development of McCarthy. Regulation additionally called for broad monetary guide to help the recuperation of war-torn Western Europe.With huge numbers of the districts countries monetarily and politically flimsy, the United States expected that nearby socialist gatherings, raised by Moscow, would benefit from their wartime record of protection from the Nazis and come to control. Something should have been done, Secretary of State George Marshall noted, for the patient is sinking while the specialists intentional. Marshall was some time ago the most noteworthy positioning official in the U. S. Military and credited as the main coordinator of the American military triumph in World War II. In mid-1947 Marshall requested that disturbed European countries draw up a program coordinated not against any nation or precept yet against hunger, neediness, distress and turmoil. The Soviets took an interest in the primary arranging meeting, at that point left instead of offer financial information on their assets and issues, and submit to Western controls on the use of the guide. The staying 16 countries pounded out a solicitation that at long last came to $17 thousand million for a four-year time frame. In mid 1948 Congress casted a ballot to help European monetary recuperation, named the Marshall Plan, and by and large viewed as one of the best U.S. International strategy activities ever. He caught up with the Marshall Plan, which was sanctioned into law as the European Recovery Program (ERR) and drove at last to NATO, the North Atlantic Alliance for military guard, marked in 1949. Soviet control of Eastern Europe frightened the West. The United States drove the push to make a military collusion to supplement monetary endeavors at regulation. In 1949 the United States and 11 different nations built up the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a collusion dependent on the rule of aggregate security.An assault against one was to be viewed as an assault against all, to be met by fitting power. The following year, the United States characterized its safeguard points unmistakably. The National Security Council (NCSC) attempted an undeniable audit of American outside and barrier approach. The subsequent report, known as NCSC-68, flagged another bearing in American security arrangement. In light of the presumption that the Soviet Union was occupied with an obsessive exertion to hold onto control of all legislatures at every possible opportunity, the record submitted America to help associated countries anyplace on the planet which appeared to be undermined by Soviet aggression.The United States continued o increment safeguard spending significantly in light of Soviet dangers against Europe and the American, British and French nearness in West Berlin. US support for the segment of Palestine was urgent to the reception Of the UN segment plan and to the production Of the State Of Israel. During World War II, the USA was on edge to keep up great relations with Saudi Arabia. President Roosevelt had guaranteed King Saudi that the USA would settle on no approach choices about Palestine without talking with the Arabs, however Roosevelt attempted to enroll Saudi help for permitting Jewish movement to Palestine.Following Roosevelt verbal guarantee to Saudi to counsel the Arab s about Palestine arrangement, he repeated the guarantee recorded as a hard copy on April 5, 1945. Nonetheless, after seven days, Roosevelt was dead, supplanted by Vice President Harry S. Truman, and the finish of the war made an alternate political reality just as bringing the disclosure of huge homicide of Jews in the Holocaust. Injuries support for a Jewish state had advanced after some time, molded by various variables. Despite the fact that LOL Henderson and others in the StateDepartment had demanded that a Jewish state would bargain the situation Of the US in the Middle East, the contrary position was similarly reasonable. The thought that Henderson and Marshall pushed, that the Zionists were socialists and would in this manner side with the USSR was established on close to home preference as opposed to actuality, and exploded backward when the chance was raised that the USSR would mediate for the benefit of Israel, missing IIS bolster The possibility that Truman had at first engaged, and that the State Department empowered, that a Jewish state must be guarded by many spouses of US troops, end up being groundless.It is likely this acknowledgment more than any th at switched things around, and defeated the single most noteworthy protest. On May 14, 1 948, Truman reported acknowledgment of the new territory of Israel, making the United States the principal significant capacity to do as such. We can see that Truman choices of regulation were fruitful in halting and forestalling the USSR to dominate or impact Turkey, Greece, and Israel. This by itself is an extraordinary triumph for majority rule government. These three nations likewise had the option to joined NATO.

New York

New York [EDIT: It has been noted that the photos in this entry dont show up in Internet Explorer. Ill try to fix this soon, but in the meantime, I suggest converting to Firefox.] [EDIT RELOADED: Manually fixed. My endorsement of Firefox still holds, though.] For the first time since August, my inner conscience begs pardon for the prolific plastering of my face on mitblogs; the bloggable fraction of my life has, since the start of Spring Break, swerved cleanly out of MIT. But, enough with preliminary disclaimers. My current state of unadulterated chillaxedness mingled with exhaustion calls for photoblogodocumentationism. On Sunday morning, I was up before sunrise, stuffing my worldly possessions into an oversized gym bag and wishing that someone would invent a backpack on wheels and call it a suitcase and sell it at places like Target for $49.99 or so. Three hours and 15 dollars later, Ben 10 and I were on a last-minute, cheap-as-anything-in-Chinatown bus in (guess what) Chinatown bound for New York City. Should you ever find yourself at MIT with 48 hours of absolutely nothing worth doing*, I suggest hauling your personal belongings over to the South Station subway stop and forking over 15 bucks for the next bus to NYC. No reservations. Just straight-up efficient, thankfully frillless transportation service. *This if-condition is hilarious for several reasons that you will discover upon matriculation. When I say no frills, I mean that the highlight of the trip may well have been the infamous Burger-King-or-McDonalds pit stop. The driver stops at a gas station. Passengers get out and inevitably confront the eternal question of whether Burger King or McDonalds is better at mutagenizing potatoes. Not-so-shortly thereafter, in the infant hours of the afternoon, New York City rose up like a second sun beaming carcinogenically on my smiling, sleep-deprived face. My first impression of Manhattan was cemented by the shockingly audacious sight of a Chinese-operated fried chicken joint. Deposited squarely in the bowels of Chinatown, Ben and I took our luggage and walked about 19 steps before running into a boba tea shop, not-so-subtly flaunting a “How to Not Choke” sign in the faces of boba-slurping patrons. I love the straightforwardness of New York. In a subway station en route to Bens house in West New York, New Jersey (a wonderful name for a fake city, by the way), the strains of old showtunes mercilessly adapted to chainsaw and violin bow grated against the loud buzz of public transportation. Unbelievably charming. We reached Bens house at around 3 in the afternoon, where Bens mom had prepared a late lunch of fish and porridge. Its good to not-really-be home. I went upstairs and discovered out my borrowed mattress in the attic was decked out with Watchmen-style smiley faces. The remainder of the afternoon was a paragon of tame, residential normalcy. Ben and his dad played tennis. We walked the dog. I took a run in some park in New Jersey. Dinner was served at home. Afterwards, Ben and I gleefully jumped on the bus to Times Square. The eye-frazzling shock of Manhattan at night was akin to thousands of multicolored 100-watt Christmas lights spontaneously exploding in the docile lap of a neat and well-trimmed living room that happens to look like New Jersey. Advertisements loomed overhead like pop-up ads delivered by Godzilla In search of internal peace and meditation, we dug into the Lower East Side and hopped through a string of sushi bars, most of which fit the category of glorified basement. Settling at last into a posh-yet-Zenlike bench at one of the swankier, less-fluorescent restaurants in the neighborhood, I dove into a second dinner of Theme and Variations on a Piece of Tuna. Pure slices of raw fish, gingerly soaked in soy and glazed with wasabi, tastes like Monet, or maybe special relativity. Elegant and subtle. The spellbinding mouthfeel of sashimi in tranquil concord with tiny pearls of rice was shattered soon after when I walked outside, turned the corner, and met the Indian restaurant where aestheticism crawled to die. Tackiness on an astronomical scale was all over the place. A few hours later, I managed to sleep. The next morning was a tribute to subway rides, cold sunshine, and $1 pork buns gleaned from a tiny Chinatown bakery. Followed by a quick noontime fling into a recession-priced dumpling house, where Ben and I bought pork-and-chive fried dumplings, beef-stuffed pancakes, and duck bone soup for less than 5 bucks. Northbound to pricier climes, I passed through Soho and found absolutely nothing worth blogging about. Until I practically tripped over the front step of Momofuku Ssam, a restaurant so infamous among the type of people who would call a restaurant infamous that its name appears nowhere on the building. I was feverishly tempted to step in and have a 3-course lunch that Winnie 02, mitblogs interim communications director by day and NYC food blogger extraordinaire by night, would consider one of the best meals in the city (this says a tremendous deal about the food). But, I didnt because I was poor and not really hungry, both of which are inadequate excuses in retrospect. Anyway, enough about my personal faults. Heres the address, in case you ever pass by under sunnier circumstances: As measure of consolation, I went next door to the recently-opened, borderline experimental Momofuku Milk Bar and Bakery, where foodies all around the city reverently flock to indulge in the likes of banana green curry bread, chorizo challah, and cornflake-marshmallow-chocolate-chip cookies. To my unending sadness, the milk bar no longer had salty pistachio caramel soft-serve. In an act of unknowing brilliancy, I substituted the cereal milk soft serve, which tasted like nothing less than silky, creamy gelato made out of cornflakes. My sensory receptors went clinically insane upon contact. It was bizarre and confusing and mind-blowingly delicious. Ben skipped out on the opportunity to radically expand his understanding of the cereal + milk equation, so he went to a teahouse down the street and had a bowl of noodles. I didnt approve. When I had finally recovered sufficiently to recognize the concept of dinner as a tangible necessity, I was sitting with Bens family in a florescent-lit cafeteria in the middle of an Asian grocery store in New Jersey, preparing to surmount the generous helpings of Korean dishes spread over two tables. Starters consisted of a spicy/salty jell-o, garnished with haphazard vegetables. This defies my powers of explanation. Followed in line by spicy seafood noodles, egg pancakes, clay pot tofu, and fried chicken glazed in honey orange sauce and what might have been dynamite powder, judging by its semi-violent spiciness. The next day, much to the shock of my personal fan club, I stopped eating for a while and took a picture of the exceedingly vitreous Apple Store next to Central Park. Then I went back to dining and food-photographing in desperate profusion, because I only had about 12 hours left in New York and was getting depressed by the fact that I hadnt yet eaten at every single restaurant in the city. Next up was Ippudo, a high-end ramen restaurant recommended to me by Winnie 02. Lo and behold, stepping through sheets of red drapes and other aggressively-hip, pseudo-Japanese dv ©cor, I waited for a table and was accosted by none other than Winnie herself. Never mind that the probability of two mitblogs acquaintances randomly running into each other hundreds of miles away from MIT in a city with over 1.6 million people is about as slim as next years iPod release; the real punchline is that Winnies recommendation changed my life, or at least the part of my life that has a serious emotional investment in pork. Ippudos rendition of pork buns is miraculous: a luxuriously soft cushion of bread folded over slices of meltingly-rich, thickly marbled meat indulgent enough to make bacon look like celery. Engrossed in a transcendent moment of sublime saltiness, I could have died happy, or even failed all my classes happy. Then came the firm, honest ramen noodles soaked in rich pork broth and topped with thin slices of (guess what) more pork. Which, in itself, was worth the trip. As far as my memory is concerned, the rest of the night was nothing more than puddles in the momentous footsteps of an unforgettable dinner. Time probably passed: stumbling awake at 5:00 AM on Wednesday morning, tripping back into unconsciousness, waking up again, Bens mom compelling me to swallow another slice of toast, Manhattan blurred at dawn, an impromptu bus ticket purchased 20 minutes before departure, waiting at the side of the street with a gaggle of strangers, a bus, heaps of luggage, slipping into a neck-cramping sleep that lasted all the way back to Boston. Finally, home arrives in the beloved form of Random Hall. Life resumes to regularly scheduled programming. Two hours later, I was in a basement research lab at MIT, preparing to check whether my batteries had exploded over the weekend. So it goes.

Monoatomic or Monatomic Elements

Monatomic or monoatomic elements are elements that are stable as single atoms. Mon- or Mono- means one. In order for an element to be stable by itself, it needs to have a stable octet of valence electrons. List of Monatomic Elements The noble gases exist as monatomic elements: helium (He)neon (Ne)argon (Ar)krypton (Kr)xenon (Xe)radon (Rn)oganesson (Og) The atomic number of a monatomic element is equal to the number of protons in the element. These elements may exist in various isotopes (varying number of neutrons), but the number of electrons matches the number of protons. One Atom Versus One Type of Atom Monatomic elements exist as stable single atoms. This type of element is commonly confused with pure elements, which may consist of multiple atoms bonded into diatomic elements (e.g., H2, O2) or other molecules consisting of a single type of atom (e.g., ozone or O3. These molecules are homonuclear, meaning they only consist of one type of atomic nucleus, but not monatomic. Metals are typically connected via metallic bonds, so a sample of pure silver, for example, might be considered to be homonuclear, but again, the silver would not be monatomic. ORMUS and Monatomic Gold There are products for sale, supposedly for medical and other purposes, which claim to contain monatomic gold, m-state materials, ORMEs (Orbitally Rearranged Monoatomic Elements), or ORMUS. Specific product names include Sola, Mountain Manna, C-Gro, and Cleopatras Milk. This is a hoax. The materials are variously claimed to be elemental white gold powder, the alchemists Philosophers Stone, or medicinal gold. The story goes, Arizona farmer David Hudson discovered an unknown material in his soil with unusual properties. In 1975, he sent out a sample of the soil to have it analyzed. Hudson claimed the soil contained gold, silver, aluminum, and iron. Other versions of the tale say Hudsons sample contained platinum, rhodium, osmium, iridium, and ruthenium. According to vendors who sell ORMUS, it has miraculous properties, including superconductivity, the ability to cure cancer, the ability to emit gamma radiation, capacity to act as flash powder, and able to levitate. Why, exactly, Hudson claimed his material was monoatomic gold is unclear, but there is no scientific evidence to support its existence. Some sources cite the different color of the gold from its usual yellow color as evidence of it being monatomic. Any chemist (or alchemist, for that matter) knows gold is a transition metal that forms colored complexes and also assumes different colors as a pure metal as a thin film. The reader is further cautioned against trying the online instructions for making homemade ORMUS. Chemicals that react with gold and other noble metals are notoriously dangerous. The protocols do not produce any monatomic element; they do present a considerable risk. Monoatomic Gold Versus Colloidal Gold Monoatomic metals are not to be confused with colloidal metals. Colloidal gold and silver are suspended particles or clumps of atoms. Colloids have been demonstrated to behave differently from the elements as metals.

The American Red Cross And Its Intervention - 3633 Words

Emmanuel Babadjide PAD 758 Professor Kempf The American Red Cross and its intervention in the hurricanes Isaac and Sandy Factual summary The American Red Cross is a major organization in the United States and around the world. Clara Barton founded the American chapter in 1881. She was a public servant who decided to get involved during the civil war by attending to wounded soldiers and feeding them on the battlefield. Her sense of humanitarian work was only strengthened by her trip to Europe during the Franco Prussian war, where she discovered the initiative of Henri Dunant (Reitman, 1996). After the battle of Solfinero, this Swiss banker was shocked by the carnage of war and decided to gather doctors and volunteers around the village to help tend to the wounded. This action motivated him to create a nonpartisan organization that can focus on caring for people wounded in wars and conflicts regardless of their origin. (Reitman, 1996). The organization was ratified in the 1864 Geneva Convention by twelve countries and later by many others. The United States Red Cross was founded due to the efforts of Barton in Washingto n (Reitman, 1996). The first chapter of the national American Red Cross was created in upstate New York. Later, the organization received funding to create its national headquarters in Washington. Since then, the Red Cross has benefited form a close relationship with Washington as it was created by congressional charter more than a century ago and plays aShow MoreRelatedThe American Red Cross1599 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Red Cross is a service organization that provides aid for disaster/crisis as well as other non-disaster related services to the communities of America. The American Red Cross the premier United States based aid organization providing for people in the times of need, whether it is a disaster or planning and partnering. Shining light on an exemplary organization that strives to serve and provide during times of disaster and times of calm. The American Red Cross has been there for AmericaRead MoreDisaster Mental Health Workers870 Words   |  4 Pagesfor first responders with the ability to provide early interventions for the psychological well being of survivors. There are many agencies that utilize DMH. â€Å"DMH helpers often work as part of or collaborate with the organizations responsible for tending to those needs† (Halpern Tramontin, 2007, p. 64). There are many organizations that utilized DMH. A few of the major organizations that utilize DMH are FEMA and the American Red Cross. These agencies understand the importance of having trainedRead MoreBefore 1990 and the emergence of disaster risk reduction or (DRR), humanitarianism, which is fueled700 Words   |  3 Pagesthe basis for intervention has shifted from intervening states toward individual victims of abuses. (Hannigan 43). 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L., Stevens, J., First, J., Mieseler, V. L., Pfefferbaum, B. (2015). American Red Cross. The American Red Cross is a quasi-government agency (Missouri Department of Mental Health, 2013) that is funded by the government but privatelyRead MoreThe Prevention Of Natural Disasters1742 Words   |  7 Pageshuman-made. Resilience underpins any approach to securing and sustaining human development (human development report. ) This paper discusses the background and significance of the community based risk reduction program developed by the Syrian Arab Red Crescent (SARC) society in 2006. It also describes the first pilot project implemented by SARC in 2007. Disasters, community vulnerability, development and risk reduction : Between late 199s and early 2000s, natural disasters have affected 2.5 billionRead MoreSouth Syrian City Of Deraa Devolved Into A Full Blown Civil Conflict1211 Words   |  5 Pagesrevolutionaries, pro-regime fighters and Islamic State and Jabhat al-Nusra jihadists. Additionally, Syrian rebels possess great distrust towards the Syrian Red Crescent, the nation’s main humanitarian organization, due to its perceived pro-Assad slant. In a recent statement from the International Committee of the Red Cross, â€Å"Mounting cross-line operations is challenging, not least because, as in every conflict, neither side is keen to see us crossing into the area held by their enemy.† Most ofRead MoreEmergency And Disaster Preparedness Education For The Latino Community3065 Words   |  13 Pagespresented by an emergency state within the community. Intervention through educational sessions by trained health promoters is shown to improve community preparedness when measured in terms of participants’ report of stockpiling emergency supplies or building an emergency supply kit, report of discussing an emergency plan with family, and reported feelings of preparedness (Montgomery County Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). Such int erventions are especially valuable when they take into accountRead MoreCrisis Response Time for American Red Cross Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pages (1) Since the writing of this case, the American Red Cross (ARC) is on record as having conceptually addressed its infrastructure and operational hurdles. However, very few strides have been made to reverse stakeholder perception crisis response time, relief dispatch strategies, and the ethical dilemmas plaguing the organization. Governmental mandates that streamlined the board and that established accounting /reporting parameters have done little to modify the organizations operational culture

Chicken Sitting free essay sample

Chicken Sitting I don’t live in a city, but I can’t exactly say that I live in a farm town either. I don’t have to wake up before dawn everyday to milk a cow- but what I do have is a best friend who owns chickens. My best friend Maggie and her family started raising chickens when we were both about eleven. What started off as twelve eggs in an incubator eventually turned into thirty noisy birds. Every day when I used to walk over to Maggie’s house, we’d go out to the coops and hunt for eggs. It was like receiving a warm little treasure when we would lift up a hen and scoop out the eggs from underneath her. We became chicken experts together, so it wasn’t much of a surprise when her parents asked me to chicken sit when they went on vacation. We will write a custom essay sample on Chicken Sitting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was one of the coldest weeks of the year, and Maggies family had left me tending to the chickens in snow up to my shins. I would trudge down the street to her house twice a day to let the chickens into their enclosure, collect eggs, and then shoo the birds back into their coops at night. I didn’t mind the work most of the time, but on the last night of my chicken duties, the situation became ugly. Almost every day that week snow had flurried down, and the nights were frigid enough that the new layers of snow would freeze over. When I stepped on the untouched snow, it was like I was breaking shards of ice beneath me. Despite slightly frozen hands, things were going as well as they could- considering the conditions. I collected a few eggs, and scattered some cracked corn as a late night treat for the hens. The real trouble came when it was time to put the roosters to sleep. Maggies dad was a clever man who rigged up some contraptions that were meant to make chicken tending much easier. One of his innovations was a pulley system that made it possible to close the chicken coop doors without having to enter the enclosure. The exits and entrances were connected to a thick rope with wooden spikes at the end. I would pull the rope to open the door, and then wedge the spike between holes in the wire fencing to keep the door open. To close the door, I would just un-jam the wooden piece from the wire and let the rope become limp. Usually the hook and eye that served as the pulley didn’t cause a problem, but that night a piece of ice had formed on the rope that shut the roosters’ door. The door to the rooster’s coop would close partially, but the rope would become jammed every time the ice hit the metal eye. I tried everything to get the door to close. I tried letting the rope go quickly, thinking the cylindrical chunk of ice would break when it hit the metal, but it didn’t work. After fifteen minutes of futile attempts, I became frustrated and started the walk back to my house to ask my mom for help. On the journey home, I thought about what Maggies dad had told me about how it was okay to leave the door open if I couldn’t make it closed for some reason. I knew it was practically impossible for coyotes or other animals to enter the rooster pen, but I still felt horrible about leaving my job unfinished. I even felt guilty about le aving the roosters susceptible to the elements- even if it was only for one night. By the time I was back at my house, it was dark, so my mom grabbed some flashlights and drove us back down the street. She assessed the situation and tried the same thing I had, which yielded similar results. I was devastated, but my mom had an idea that I failed to think of myself. We rushed home again and rummaged through the drawers until we found a neglected BIC lighter. Her plan seemed flawless- we would simply melt away the ice which would allow me to close the door all the way. I was frustrated that I hadn’t thought of something that practical on my own, but was excited and relieved that I would finally be able to close the uncooperative door. I would soon be disappointed though, because we hadn’t accounted for the wind that would blow the flames away from the ice and onto our fingers. Again and again my mom and I took turns trying to get the flame to cooperate, but with no luck. Eventually we had to give up; staying at the coops would be a waste of time. Although my week of chicken sitting was over five years ago, I still have the same attitude when it comes to fulfilling a responsibility. I’m willing to make sacrifices and accept help from others, as long as job gets done.

Organisational Buying Process free essay sample

Loginova Olga Organizational buying behavior in Business tourism market Case Holiday Club Resorts Oy 50 pages, 1 appendix Saimaa University of Applied Sciences, Lappeenranta Business Administration, Degree Programme in International Business Bachelor’s Thesis 2011 Instructor: Ville Lehto The purpose of this Bachelor’s thesis is to provide understanding of the organizational buying behavior in Russian companies in context of business tourism market. This includes describing the general model of the process, identifying people, responsible for decision making and analyzing factors, that influence their decisions. Another objective is to give recommendations to the case company about how to reach right people in Russian organizations with their message. In the theoretical part of the study the main issues are related to the general principles of organizational buying behavior and main concepts of the topic. When conducting this research both Russian and English sources are used. The most related topics of the literature are  «Organizational Buying behavior »,  «Business-to-business marketing » and  «Industrial marketing », presented by Philip Kotler, Frederick E. We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Buying Process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Webster Jr. and Yoram Wind and Kovalev A. I Empirical part is based on a case study and describes the organizational buying process on example of 3 Russian companies, which were chosen according to the criteria of location, size and industry. The data for case study is gathered by conducting an interview with members of buying centers within these companies. Implementation of theory to the practice faced some difficulties such as misunderstanding of the topic and unwillingness of companies to provide full information. Business markets mostly concerns producer and reseller markets (Vitale et al, 2010, p. 131) Generally, business markets consist of fewer, but larger customers than consumer markets and are involved in purchases of significantly large value having complex economic, technical and financial considerations. Business markets also differ from consumer markets in such aspects as: sales volumes, marketing structure and demand, nature of products and most relevant for this thesis – types of decision and decision process (Ibid). Organization buying is the decision-making process by which formal organizations establish the need for purchased products and services and identify, evaluate, and choose among alternative brands and suppliers (Webster Wind, 1996). The nature of the buyer decision process in a business-tobusiness environment differs from the consumer ones, that is why understanding of organizational buying behavior is essential– it helps to develop the right approach to corporate clients and establish strong bonds between  «sellers » and  «buyers ». 4 1. 1 Background of the research Organizational buying behavior is an extensive concept as it depends on many factors. However, understanding the organizational buying process is a key prerequisite for the development of business marketing strategy. With knowledge of the customer firm’s decision making process and buying behavior, market managers are in a far better position to develop marketing strategies, build win-win relationship with customers and influence purchasing decisions successfully. The case company Holiday Club Resorts Oy is one of Europe’s largest vacation enterprises. The company’s specialization is holiday centers, spa hotels and time share apartments. Holiday Club operates both on consumer and business markets as their customers are different companies and organizations as well as representatives of public sector. This research is done to support the new project of the company – Saimaa Gardens large tourist and leisure time resort in Finland that will be opened in Autumn 2011. New holiday center will provide large facilities for conferences, business meetings and corporate parties (Holiday Club Oy 2010). While Finland and Russia are neighboring countries with well-developed connections in tourism area, Holiday Club’s officials are willing to attract Russian corporate clients. This thesis is a part of a bigger project, that consists of two studies. The first one is devoted to Russian outbound tourism and gives understanding of  «What organizational clients want?  », the second one answers the question  «How organizations buy?  ». The whole project is carried out by two students. Alena Tsyvinskaja is responsible for the first part, called  «Russian outbound MICE tourism – demand and concept », while this study is accomplished by Olga Loginova. The purpose of this study is to find out reasons and factors which affect the buying decisions and choice of leisure service provider. The research is aimed to analyze buying behavior process in Russian organizations and provide 5 possibilities for Saimaa Gardens to fulfill corporate requirements and reach their target market successfully. 1. 2 Research problem and objectives The main objective of this thesis is to give understanding of organizational buying process in Russian companies and provide recommendations to Saimaa Garden, how to reach right people with their message. For this purpose few Russian companies will be targeted as potential customers. Each organization has buying center – a group of people, who are responsible for buying decisions. (Webster Wind,1996). The research will be based on direct communication with these people in order to understand their roles and identify factors that affect their decisions. Main research problem consists of 3 parts: -find members of the buying center -analyze their roles and decision making process -describe an organizational buying process in general In the final outcome, Holiday Club will benefit from thesis in several ways. Firstly, this project will give an understanding of organizational buying behavior in Russian companies. Secondly it will provide a framework that will help to affect decision making process in a most efficient way. And finally, as research involves communication with companies, it will give a good opportunity to find first corporate customers. In general, possession of such knowledge will facilitate entering a new market for Holiday Club. 1. 3 Theoretical framework The theoretical framework of this thesis includes theories about nature of organizational buying in general and decision making process particularly. Theories, concerning organizational buying and decision making process gives an overall understanding of how organizational purchasing is executed, how 6 decisions are made and which factors influence them. Organizational buyers decision process model gives a clear guidelines how decision is made step by step. And Buying center’s analyses provide ideas for the practical part about how to recognize people, responsible for decision taking and to define roles and motives of those people. When conducting this research both Russian and English sources were used. The most related topics of the literature are  «Organizational Buying behavior  »,  «Business-to-business marketing » and  «Industrial marketing ». In theoretical part of the study information from Philip Kotler’s  «Marketing management »,  «A general model for understanding organizational buying behavior », written by Frederick E. Webster Jr. nd Yoram Wind and book of Russian author Kovalev A. I.  «Industrial Marketing » was used. The full list of sources provided at the end of the study. 1. 4 Research context 1. 4. 1 Business tourism As this study is devoted to business tourism, it is appropriate to give a small overview of this topic. In recent times more and more organizations have gone global, business connections have become international and economic activities are spread all over the world. As it’s commonly known, successful business is impossible without contacts, technologies and information exchanging, gaining new partners and customers. Due to the rapid growth of business contacts with foreign partners, business tourism is seen as an important niche market, and is one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry. This segment of the tourism industry has also been referred to as Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE). The concept of MICE stands for corporate outbound tourism, aiming to bring people together for a particular entertaining or business purpose. (Business Travel Worldwide 2011. ) 7 In general, MICE encompasses the following activities: ? ? ? ? ? Meetings and conferences Exhibitions and trade fares Incentive travel Corporate events Outdoor events Individual corporate travel (Ibid) According to the statistics, provided by RBTA (Russian Business Travel Association,2010), in share correlation the structure of MICE travelling has the following form: 71% for individual travelling, 16% for participation in conferences and congresses, 11% for visiting exhibitions and approximately 2-3% for incentive travel. Business travelling may peruse different aims and according to  «Business Travel Worldwide » (2011) some of them are: ? ? ? ? ? Establishing partner relations, negotiating the contracts, concluding deals Visiting and taking part in the exhibitions Participating in congresses, conferences and seminars Trainings, professional development trips Incentive trips (trips, usually granted as a reward for employee’s outstanding performance) According to Business Tourism Partnership (2010) principal characteristics of business tourism include the following: †¢ it is at the high quality, high yield end of the tourism spectrum †¢ business tourism is year-round, peaking in Spring and Autumn but still with high levels of activity in the Summer and Winter months †¢ it is resilient, being much less affected by economic downturns or by disasters than leisure tourism and other sectors of the national economy 8 †¢ business tourism stimulates future inward investment as business people see the attractions of a destination while travelling on business or to attend a conference, exhibition or incentive, and then return to establish business operations there. According to Swarbrooke and Horner (2001), the participants of business tourism market can be divided into 3 groups: Consumers: Individuals Companies Associations Intermediaries: Travel Agencies Exhibition companies Event management companies and others Suppliers: Transport operators Accommodation operators Incentive travel venues Specialist services Figure 1 Participants of business tourism market. The figure represents the simplified scheme of business tourism market. In the reality the process might look different, including several intermediaries or ,vice versa, the link of intermediaries might be excluded as consumers are willing to arrange their business trips on their own. 1. 4. 2 MICE in Russia Although the thesis topic doesn’t cover business tourism market analysis, several words should be said about MICE market in Russia. Russia is a country where business tourism in general is actively developing now. However, the concept of MICE is still rather new for Russian companies. The reasons for this might be the insufficient development of corporate culture in general and small amount of international business contacts. Anyway, Russian corporate travel has not the same level as  «ancestors » of business tourism USA and European countries. 9 In general, MICE tourism in Russia can be characterized by following features (RBTA 2010): ? ? ? ? Outbound tourism is prevailing (most Russian companies prefer travel abroad rather than within the country) Problem such as lack of qualified agencies still exist. The demand for MICE services is fluctuating and not stable Incentive tourism is significantly less popular comparing with other parts of MICE 1. 4. 3 Case company profile Holiday Club Resorts Oy is one of Europe’s largest vacation ownership enterprises. It was established in 1986 and in the beginning it focused primarily on the vacation ownership business, purchasing hotels on the territory of Finland (Holiday Club Oy 2010) The company has been buying hotels and resorts as well as building their own holiday homes and spa centers. The growth of Holiday Club vacation ownership system continued and by 2007 Holiday Club expanded to Sweden (Ibib. ) By 2009, after several successful acquisitions Holiday Club becomes the leading vacation ownership enterprise in Europe. At 2010 a building of new resort – Saimaa Gardens was started (Ibid. ) In overall Holiday Club Resorts Oy owns holiday homes in 26 destinations in Finland, a holiday destination in Calahonda, Spain, as well as Holiday Club Are and Ekerum Golf and Resorts (Oland) holiday destinations in Sweden. Holiday Club’s 6 spa hotels in Finland have belonged to the S-Group’s subsidiary, Sokotel, since April 2006, and they operate under the name Holiday Club Spa Hotels. The chain comprises Holiday Club Caribia in Turku, Katinkulta in Vuokatti, Tropiikki in Kuusamo, Eden in Oulu, Saariselka and Tampere Spa (Holiday Club official web-site 2011. ) 10 1. 4. 4 Saimaa Gardens In this study the analysis is carried out from the standpoint of Saimaa gardens spa resort, as it is the nearest hotel of Holiday Club chain to Russia. Saimaa Gardens is a wellness resort, comprising spa hotel, holiday houses, various top-class apartments, golf centre, a great variety of shops, restaurants and galleries. It’s located at the shore of Lake Saimaa, nearby Imatra and occupies approximately 300 hectares of total area. Saimaa Gardens is also the nearest large tourist attraction to St. Petersburg in Finland. Companies’ clients belong both to consumer and business markets. Holiday club’s resorts provide services for public consumers as well as for corporate clients because they have good amenities for family vacation and honey moons along with facilities for conferences, corporate parties and business travelling. Holiday Club sees a great potential particularly in Russian tourists and organizations, as it will be situated near Saint-Petersburg, a city, where travelling to Finland is popular and easy. 1. 5 Limitations This thesis does not handle deep analyses of business tourism market and just gives a small overview of this topic to provide basic understanding of this tourism sphere. Consumer needs and preferences as well as product specifications are not covered by the study as this is a topic of a parallel research, prepared by another student. The theoretical part of this thesis is limited to theories about composition of the buying center and it’s characteristics, decision making process and factors, influencing it. The theories also describe the difference between organizational and consumer buying. These theories were chosen, because they are closely related to the research problem and they support the empirical part of the thesis by providing guidelines how the organizational buying process looks in real life. This thesis does not cover theories about sales techniques and relations between buyers and sellers, because one of the main objectives of bachelors’ thesis is to make the topic narrow but analyze it deeper. 11 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND IMPLEMENTATION The research was done according to a plan that consisted of 3 stages. The first stage involved analyzing of theoretical background and gave a comprehensive view on organizational buying behavior process, describing composition of buying center, identifying factors, influencing decision making process and exploring all stages of this process. After that the theory was ready to be implemented in life. On the second stage the search of companies that may be interviewees for the research and potential clients for Holiday Club was done. The search criteria was explained in empirical part. When organizations were identified, their portfolios should be created to obtain knowledge about potential customers. The final and most important stage of research was identifying the buying centers in chosen organizations and conducting an interview with it’s members. This was done to identify roles and motives of members, analyze the decision making process and finally develop an effective framework according to gained information. Figure 2 represents the plan research. Theory analyses Buying behavior -main concepts -influencing factors -buying center -decision making process Companies’ portfolio gathering What size? What industry? What location? Interview Figure 2. Research plan. 12 As it was stated above, the main research problems were: finding members of the buying center, analyzing their roles and decision making process and describing an organizational buying process in general. In order to understand, what the most effective methods for solving these problems are, a book of Tony Proctor (2005 p. 63)  «Essentials of Marketing research » was read. After examination of possible methodology, it was concluded that the most appropriate methods to solve thesis problems were qualitative research, case study and analyzing of primary and secondary data. 2. 1 Quantitative research Quantitative research produces numbers and figures, while qualitative research provides data on why people buy, what motivates them to buy, or their impressions of products, services or advertisements. It also produces information on behavior, attitudes and intentions. Simply put, qualitative research goes inside of people’s thinking, value system as well as decision making process, what fitted perfectly objectives of this study. This type of research involves different approaches such as focus groups, interviews, feedback analysis, surveys and others. It relies on primary data as well as on secondary. In this study the object of qualitative research was an organizational buying behavior (Proctor, 2005 p. 71. ) The research was carried out in a context of business tourism, which is very specific area of business market. That is why organization buying process in business tourism market is based on general model of organizational buying. So first of all, problem solutions required general knowledge about such concepts as buying center, organizational buying and others. That kind of information was necessary for good orientation in actual topic and for further planning of the research. To gain this information secondary data analysis was used. 13 2. 2 Secondary data analysis Secondary data analysis is the method of using preexisting data in a different way or to answer a different research question than that intended by those who collected the data (Schutt 1999). The sources of secondary data may be different: books, magazines, newspapers, internet, earlier conducted surveys, etc. The organizational buying behavior has been studied by many authors such as Philip Kotler, Frederick E. Webster Jr. , Yoram Wind, Ajay Kumar Kohli and others. Their books and articles were used as sources of theoretical information. Secondary analysis of different statistics was also conducted to help to choose the right kind of companies for the case study, which is described further. 2. 3 Primary data analysis and case study The study was accomplished for the particular organization, one of the needs of which was understanding of organizational buying process in Russian companies. Solving this problem required a primary data analyses. Primary data is data observed or collected directly from first-hand experience. There are many methods of collecting primary data: ? ? ? ? Questionnaire Interview Observation Case study, etc. (Proctor 2005, p74. ) This research is based on a case study. The purpose of case study is collecting information about organizational buying in Russian companies from the  «first hands ». The most appropriate method to collect it was interview. For that purpose 3 Russian companies were chosen. The amount of 3 went from the principle, that analyses of 1 company is definitely not enough, while 5 or more requires much more time. Moreover 3 companies represent 3 kinds of organizations: small, medium and large. In order to choose 3 respondents, it 14 was needed to find out what kind of companies normally buys the MICE trips and how they can be specified according to the industry, size, location, and etc. As Saimaa Gardens will be the nearest Finnish leisure attraction to the SaintPetersburg, it was quite obvious that case companies would be located in SaintPetersburg, Leningrad region and Vyborg. Another criteria, size of case companies, was based on assumption, that organizational buying process in small organizations differs from one in big corporation’s due to the amount of staff, availability of funds and corporate culture in general. The last aspect of the choice was the industry. There was no difference for Holiday Club Oy which kind of companies would use their services. So it was necessary to investigate what kind of companies buy MICE trips more often. According to the statistics for the year 2009-2010, provided by VIP-tour agency (contact person- Stanislav Lisovsky, sales manager), companies, represented 5 industries, used MICE services more frequently: ? ? ? ? ? Metal industry IT industry Oil and gas industry Estate industry Pharmaceutical and medicine industry According to this information a list of potential companies was created and proposals to take part in the interview were sent. Some companies didn’t respond at all, some provided unclear and poor information. However, it was possible to choose 3 companies, whose response was full and actual. That is how 3 case companies were chosen. Using the knowledge and information gathered for the theory, the research questionnaire was developed so that questions were straight, easy and aimed to minimize the uncertainties. Finally, despite of all difficulties, 3 interviews were carried out. Based on these interviews, it was possible to gain valuable and unique information, concerning compositions of buying centers and organizational buying processes in context of business tourism. 15 3 THE NATURE OF ORGANIZATIONAL BUYING 3. 1 Organizational vs. onsumer buying According to Webster and Wind (1995), organizational buying is the decisionmaking process by which organizations establish the need for purchased products and services and identify, evaluate, and choose among alternative brands and suppliers. It takes place i n the context of a formal organization influenced by a budget, cost and profit considerations. Consumer behavior has not much relevance for the industrial marketer. This is due to several important differences between the two purchase processes. Comparing complicity of buying processes, buying decisions are made relatively easily and quickly by individual customers, organizational buying involves thorough and deep analysis. This is because organizational buying usually involves many people in decision process with complex interactions among people and among individual and organizational goals. Furthermore, rganizational buyer’s decisions require more information, undergo longer evaluation and more uncertainty about product performance. Companies usually adopt certain methods for buying products and employ skilled professionals for purchasing departments. (Kotler 1997, p. 205. ) According to Sandhusen (2000 p. 248), when compared to demand patterns in consumer market, demand p atterns in industrial markets tend to be more concentrated, more direct, more dependent on other markets and purchases of related products and reciprocal agreements. Demand for goods in consumer markets is heavily affected by the changes in the prices so that it can be concluded that consumer market demand is price elastic. The organizational demand for products or services can be elastic only on early negotiation stage when many suppliers are actively competing on price for contracts. Once contracts are negotiated, however, demand becomes inelastic and is not influenced by short-run price changes. Frequently, demand for some b2b products is related to demand for other b2b products, what is called joint demand. For example, if Food Drink supplier for a hotel restaurant has delivery problems or poor service, it will probably cut back on its purchases of 16 foodstuffs. It’s also important to mention that demand for industrial products derives largely from demand for consumer goods. It’s quite typical or tourism market as purchasing travel package for the company’s purposes, organizational buyers sometimes follows consumer’s opinions and reputation on the consumer market. According to Kovalev (2003 p. 203), despite of ordinary consumers, industrial buyers are more likely to purc hase products directly from suppliers or manufacturers and in larger quantities, than consumers. Buying decisions of a consumer market is simple where it purely depends on the wish of consumer. But business buyers face complicated buying process where they have to adhere to purchasing standards, satisfy complex requirements and involve approval of many people. Consumer buying is generally short term focused where they conclude the relationship with seller upon the transaction is completed.